Curious about our instincts and emotions

• curious about our instincts and emotions

1. Emotions are usually defined as a reaction to stimuli, and include physiological changes (increase in heart rate, activity of certain glands, changes in respiratory rate increased body temperature), which motivates a person to act. Simply put, emotions - this crazy feeling, the equivalent of the physical sensations of the body.

2. According to a Greek myth, many marvel at mankind's disease have fallen mankind as a result of manifestation of negative emotions, revenge, malice and envy, which were released goddess Pandora.

3. Ancient doctors believed that the different bodies oversee different moods. For example, happiness comes from the heart, liver anger, fear of kidneys.

4. Studies show that the use of human emotions is one of the most powerful methods of advertising. For example, a well-known concept of Nike (Nike) "success in the sport," focuses on the key emotional triggers, it is built on sponsorship, advertising and business empire.

5. In the 17th century Rene Descartes considered human emotions as a hydraulic system. He believed that a person feels anger or sadness, because the respective inner flaps opened and released fluids such as bile and phlegm.

6. According to a study conducted by the Journal of Consumer Research (Journal of Consumer Research), people who think more abstractly, more responsive to advertising, which is based on the mixed emotions, as compared to those who think more concretely. 7. Recent studies have shown a direct link between the wearing of certain clothing, and emotional states. For example, women who are depressed or sad mood, most likely prefer baggy tops, jackets or jeans. Women in high spirits, most likely prefer a favorite dress, jewelry and generally look more elegant.

8. The word "emotion" comes from the Latin emovere, "move out, remove, agitate" from ex- "out" and movere "to move."

9. The word "instinct" is derived from the Latin instinctus, meaning "incitement pulse" associated with the proto-Indo-European steig - "stabbing, puncture, stick".

10. Studies show that new technologies, such as social networks, contribute to greater emotional fragmentation, loneliness people.

11. Emotional abuse is similar to brainwashing, as the aim is a gradual reduction in human self-confidence, his self-esteem and self-esteem. Emotional abuse can take many forms, including the use of financial power to control the man, threatening to quit, humiliation of human dignity, constant criticism, circulation by name or cry.

12. In any emotion there are three components: 1) physiological changes (e.g., increased heart rate) 2) behavioral response - e.g., the desire to withdraw from the source emotion or stay in contact with them, and 3) subjective feelings, such as anger, happiness or sadness.

13. Historically, there is no consensus on when emotions occur among psychologists: before acting, directly, at the same time as the action, or in response to an automatic physiological process. 14. Most neurobiologists distinguish between the terms "emotion" and "feeling". They use the word "emotion" to describe the automatic (unconscious) the brain's response to certain stimuli, and "feel" to describe our conscious feeling or reaction.

15. Charles Darwin believed that emotions were useful for evolution, because they increase the chances of survival. For example, the brain uses emotions to keep us away from a dangerous animal (fear), away from the rotting food and faeces (disgust), to control our resources (anger), to get a good meal or find a sexual partner (pleasure and lust).

16. Types of triggers that people are prepared to fear evolutionarily as snakes cells, causing internal response, although people know that they are relatively safe at the cognitive level. Nevertheless, people are much less responsive to a truly dangerous risks to which evolution has not prepared them, such as hamburgers, smoking and unsafe sex, despite what most people recognize the danger at the cognitive level.

17. Most scholars believe that the basic emotions are innate, rather than acquired is. For example, people who are born blind and had never seen people show typical basic emotions facial expressions.

18. Robert Plutchik in 1980 in his research work proposed eight major congenital emotions: joy, understanding, fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, and expectation. He suggested that the complex emotions, such as guilt and love are derived from combinations of primary emotions. 19. Research shows that if people change their facial expressions, to express emotions, they actually begin to feel these emotions.

20. Studies have shown that the expression and experience of negative emotions (such as depression and anxiety), accompanied by a high activation of the right frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex, as well as its deeper structures such as the amygdala, and the expression of positive emotions - more the degree of activation of the left frontal lobe of the brain.

21. Color can significantly affect the emotional reactions. Although, of course, not all people experience the same emotions at the same color, most people find exciting red and orange, and blue and purple - soothing. A gray, brown, black and white, tend to cause emotional blunting. Studies show that children who played in the orange room were more friendly, agile, creative and less irritable than the children playing in the rooms with white, brown and black walls.

22. The researchers said that when people try to conceal strong emotions tend to be seen "microexpressions" - the emotions, overlooked by people unwittingly, and lasting only 1/24 of a second.

23. Emotions are contagious. Negative or unpleasant emotions more contagious than neutral or positive.

24. Only people express surprise, his mouth agape. But if we talk about other emotions that appear in them in humans and animals more similarities than differences. This is especially true similarity of primates and humans in anger, fear, happiness, and sadness. In fact, as the animals and people express similar views of emotion, Charles Darwin believed that the emotional difference between animals and humans are largely to the complexity, rather than the types of emotions. 25. Studies show that mothers are less tolerant of crying boys than girls. This may indicate that the mode of expression of emotions adult education formed the mother in early childhood.

26. Studies show that men and women experience the same emotions, but women tend to be more prone to show them.

27. Visually attractive advertising of junk food on the menu is designed to ensure that arouse emotions in consumers. Scientists say that if people understand these emotions better, they would have been much more picky about food.

28. Many psychologists believe instinct and emotions are similar, because both appear automatically. For example, fear - that the emotion and instinct. The difference is that the instincts are immediate, irrational and innate, while emotions are much more rational, they represent a complex biological feedback system, behavior and cognition.

29. Injections of Botox can reduce the signs of aging, but they make the person's face less lively and more impassive. Paradoxically, less lively people are less attractive to others.

30. Although scientists have not found any culture in which people smile when disgusted, or frown when they are happy, they still found some oddities. For example, Japanese is more difficult than the Americans, to show his anger on his face, and they are, as a rule, try not to show their dislike of expression.

31. Of all the facial expressions smile can be the most deceptive. There are about 18 different smiles, including polite, cruel, false, modest, and so on. But only one reflects the true happiness, it is known as a Duchenne smile, and is named after the French neurologist Guillaume Benjamin Duchenne de Boulogne Aman, who first described this phenomenon. 32. The researchers said that emotion is most closely related to fear - it is interest. Some psychologists even believe that the fear has two sides: one - the desire to escape, while the other - the desire to explore.

33. Plato describes the emotions and the mind, as the two horses that drag a man in different directions. However, the modern neuroscientist Antonio Damasio argues that the mind is based on emotions and not their antagonist.

34. Body language often gives emotions. For example, a man standing with hands on hips elbows outward shows an example of the designated areas. If someone held up a hand, it means that he or she wants to say something. Touching the nose means that a person has something to hide. The legs also can read body language signals.

35. Studies have shown that people quickly recognize and interpret emotions in facial expressions of people of the same race as themselves than those of other races.

36. Since the days of silent movies to cartoons such as "Tom and Jerry" and films such as "Psycho" and "Jaws" music is a widely used stimulus that causes a variety of emotional responses. In general, music in a major key represents happiness, while music in a minor key - sadness. Voice also reflects the key. It is interesting that some of the emotional tone of the music is cross-cultural.

37. A study of people with amnesia revealed that emotions are associated with memory experienced memories that have created them. The researchers said it is important for those who suffer from Alzheimer's disease.

38. Using a website WeFeelFine.org, scientists from Stanford University have analyzed about 13 million of emotions that were recorded in different commercials Internet since 2005. They found older people tend to be happier than the young, but their happiness is caused by different reasons. Young people are happy when they are excited, older people are happier when they are at rest. In addition, women tend to feel more loved than men, but also to feel guilty to a greater extent. Men often feel happier, but more lonely. The researchers also found that the happiest time of the day - lunchtime. 39. With the help of facial expressions a person can express more than 10,000 emotions.

40. Scientists say that there is always a person some kind of emotion, but they are too small to be seen by or affect what we do.