History exodus from Moscow

October 17, 1941 Moscow was gripped by panic. It did not work, even the Moscow metro. It was said that Stalin left the capital, and the city was about to surrender to the Germans. There was a massive "exodus" of residents, Moscow is rapidly emptying.

The outcome of the war

October 16, 1941, residents of Moscow are faced with a terrible: the Moscow metro was closed. It was the only day in the entire history of the Moscow metro, when it did not work. In Moscow, began to panic. Redistribution received information that Stalin left Moscow, and the city was about to surrender to the Germans. In Moscow, stopped flushing, closed the pharmacy and clinics. Authority concerned own salvation, simply did not think it necessary to inform the population and somehow coordinate. As a result of such negligence Moscow was empty, began spontaneous actions of looting and mass exodus.

Who are richer - left on the machines, who is easier - left foot. Stalin ordered to prepare an explosion major industrial plants and other critical facilities in Moscow. October 10 explosives were delivered to the plants. Subject to destruction not only the defense industry, but also bakeries, refrigerators, meat-packing plants, train stations, tram and trolleybus depots, bridges, power plants, as well as the building TASS, Central Telegraph and telephone exchanges ... Life in the city was supposed to be impossible. The workers saw that the company is prepared to destroy. Information about the fact that they can be mined and blown up at any moment, podbavit fuel to the fire. Muscovites have evolved a strong belief the end of Russia, the end of the World. Only an order to that in the panic-mongers, marauders and fugitives applied drastic measures, even before the shooting, was able to stop the panic and mass exodus from Moscow.

The outcome of the plague

Plague, not just Russia weed Europe its rusty scythe to the central cities is almost reached, but in 1771, it is "almost" made it fail. Russian troops in Moscow was brought "black death." At first no one noticed her, not recognizing fallen ill from the terrible disease that would later grow into an epidemic. Plague doctor diagnosed the hospital Athanasius Filimonovich Shafonsky, he ordered to build a quarantine barracks and put additional guard posts to prevent the spread of the disease beyond the city limits, but these measures failed to prevent mass panic and flight from Moscow. Plague epidemic was recognized as such too late.

At the hospital for decontamination of the territory around the clock smoke burning fires over Moscow was black smoke. Every day, more than a thousand people died. There was no one to clean up the corpses, corpses were covered with houses and streets. The authorities even had to resort to the help of convicts sentenced to hard labor. They hook to get out of the body of the dead houses and plague-stricken and took them to the cemetery where buried without funeral in mass graves. The Governor-General PS Saltykov, desperate to cope with the epidemic, went to his family estate Marfino. Behind him left Chief of Police I. YUSHKOV and other governors. The city remained without power. More and looting have driven to despair by the inhabitants of Moscow.

Plague and rebellion succeeded in defeating Count Orlov. He was sent to Moscow, Catherine II. Graf took drastic measures: defeated Moscow for sanitary areas, strengthened checkpoints, home sick and nailed them painted red crosses. In memory of this feat Catherine II ordered to dislodge Count Orlov honor medal. The medal is engraved. "Russian children of those in itself has." And below: "In the deliverance of Moscow from ulcers in 1771"

The outcome of the fire

Fires were the bane of Moscow. For the first 400 years of Moscow burned more than 100 times. The first fire, which memory is preserved, occurred in 1177. Moscow then burned in 1382, after the raid Tokhtamysh, in 1493 - from the fire at the St. Nicholas Church Bersenevka, in 1547 a fire took the lives of 1700 people, and was marked by rebellion against Ivan IV ... The most well-known and big Moscow fire occurred in 1812, when Moscow left Napoleon. The fire claimed the lives of ten or even twenty thousand wounded, left the city during the retreat of the army and the evacuation of residents. Completely destroyed whole streets, many wealthy homeowners before the fire lost all their possessions. Of the nine thousand apartment buildings in Moscow burned more than six and a half thousand. Evacuation and exodus of people from Moscow during major fires were commonplace, significantly affecting the population of the city.

The outcome of the Petersburg

Russia - unique country. Since the beginning of the XVIII century our country has two capitals. Moscow is traditionally called "old capital" has experienced a large outflow of population, when officially lost its status. Peter built a city, which rushed to the masses. In St. Petersburg began to move officials and senators, as well as foreign embassies. Touched "the St. Petersburg outcome" and the general population. In St. Petersburg began to move people craftsmen and traders. Moscow's population in 1638 was 200 thousand inhabitants, in 1750 - 130 thousand. Moscow "moved" in the northern capital.

The outcome of the Terrible

December 3, 1564, Ivan IV went on a pilgrimage, but for some reason brought a jewel, and ordered his servants to take the family. So held the historic "outcome" of Ivan the Terrible in Moscow. Arriving by Trinity Monastery in Alexander's Settlement, it will send out two letters to Moscow. Their meaning - "the boyars, service, the priests I have changed, I am leaving the kingdom. On the common people do not hold grudges. " After a while, the king came from Moscow delegation - "get back on the throne." The king agreed on the condition that he would be allowed to establish oprichnina. In February 1565 the king returned to the capital, where they formulated their demands. After the establishment of the oprichnina had to leave Moscow is no longer Terrible.

The outcome of faith church schism, which occurred in the middle of the XVII century was a phenomenon of a special order. It was a tectonic ideological shift that could not affect the residents of the First Throne. At the urging of the Moscow Patriarch Joachim Princess Sophia in 1685 issued against the Old Believers 12 terrible articles. They Believers call names "thieves," "schismatics," "enemies of the Church" and is punishable by terrible plagues. If someone is secretly contain the old belief that beat whip and deport to distant places. Ordered to beat the whip and Batog even those who will be at the mercy of some Old Believers: give them, or eat, or just drink water.

It has shown to banish and beat whip and such people who Believers only shelter. All property of the Old Believers were ordered to select and unsubscribe great sovereign. Nikoniantsy burned old icons, exiled and executed the Old Believers, which began en masse to leave the capital, leaving the Urals, to the North. Far from Moscow Old Believers community created by continuing to inherit the "old rite", but also outside the capital continued to harass them. Four years after the legalization of articles Sofia Patriarch Joachim decreed: "See firmly to the dissenters did not live in the townships and in the forests, and where he announced - to exile themselves, to ruin their haven, to sell the property, and the money sent to Moscow."