TP-82 pistol SONAZ complex: description, manufacturer

TP-82 - non-automatic pistol with three trunks, which, being a member of the complex SONAZ (firearms portable emergency), designed to help in the survival of the astronauts, for whatever reason, or drive landed in an uninhabited area. It can be used to defend against wild animals and criminal elements to produce food and feed hunting alarms. Let's find out what else is remarkable gun, and what technical parameters it has!

Background

Weapons for self-defense astronauts were created in the 90s of the last century in the Soviet Union. Initiated the creation of triple-gun for survival has become a famous cosmonaut Alexei Leonov. In 1979, he visited the Tula arms factory, and told him the story of the astronauts with the designers of the spacecraft "Voskhod-2" (one of them was himself Leonov), made an emergency landing 200 kilometers from Perm in 1965.

The astronauts have lost touch with the group and search for about two days waiting for help in the winter forest. The hours spent in such conditions could be their last. Helicopter pretty quickly found the astronauts, but because of the strong snowy surrounding areas could not find a place to land. Rescuers had to disembark at 9 kilometers from the accident site and get back on skis. High snow and bitter cold - are not the only factors that could put the success of the operation into question. The fact that in the Permian forests there is a huge amount of wild predatory animals that can easily attack a man. In such circumstances, the astronauts were completely unarmed. Makarov pistol, which was part of the emergency reserve astronauts ever since the first flight, was not sufficiently effective in extreme conditions. Leonov said that whether the astronauts versatile weapon, they would feel in the wild much more confident.

Development

The idea Leonova, who had a great influence, being the first man to walk in space, and the deputy head of the Cosmonaut Training Center, quickly gained official support. In October 1979 it was prepared terms of reference for the survival of the gun, and armorers from Tula to proactively began to develop design solutions to perform this task.

Initially, the development of lead in three areas: shotgun, revolver and triple-gun. From the idea to the gun refused immediately, since due to the large size and weight, it simply does not fit into the trigger device. Revolver with cameras of all sizes also did not like the expert committee. Triple-gun was approved and recommended for improvement. Since all the forces gunsmiths were directed on him.

General characteristics of the gun

Already in 1982, the gun TP-82 entered the supply of space missions of the USSR. The purpose of this gun is to ensure the survival space crews, as well as long-range aviation crews, made an emergency landing outside the controlled area in wild natural environment. From the structural point of view, the gun TP-82 is a non-automatic, triple-hunting weapons. The main gun function is to protect surviving on wild animals and criminals. Moreover, such weapons could be used for food getting through hunting, as well as to emit a light of a distress signal. The gun has 3 horizontal trunk: two smooth and one grooved.

The development and production of the model involved the Tula Arms Plant. Ammunition for the gun produced Klimovskii Central Research Institute of precision engineering. The first spacecraft of the equipment which came in the gun of survival, has become "Soyuz T-6", which was put into space in the summer of 1982. Four years later, the gun went to the Air Force of the Soviet Union. They began to arm pilots engaged in long-haul flights. In 1987, production of the gun stopped. Up until 2007, the TA-82 was part of the emergency reserve of the Russian space ships. By this time, the period of storage of ammunition produced during the Soviet period, has expired, and the operation of the gun stopped, despite the fact that he possessed quite well even for conditions of modern times characteristics.

TP-215-82 - index, which is often seen as a modification of "space weapon". In fact, it is the name of a transformer, which has nothing to do with weapons.

Trunks

The barrel unit of the pistol includes three barrel. Two upper - smooth, calculated by the caliber 32 hunting cartridge, the third lower - threaded calculated by the caliber cartridge 5, 45 mm. Lower barrel equipped with an adjusting device, consisting of three screws. Two of them are located on the sides, and another - from the bottom. Screws are designed for zeroing weapons.

Upper provided with smooth barrels ordinary extractor which Pivoted barrel unit moves backward due to a pair of pins disposed on the inner walls of the blocks. Rifled barrel weapons astronauts TP-82 also has a spring ejector which is activated by a special button positioned on the left lower side of the barrel unit.

Reloading weapons produced by Quitting barrel unit, just as a similar operation is carried out in the classical hunting rifles. The latch stem is in the form of a long lever, which has a horizontal position and located above the pistol grip to the left. To block trunks opened, press the lever to the left.

trigger

The pistol has a trigger nesamovzvodny (firing mechanism) provided with two open trigger. Right Right trigger responsible for smooth barrel, and the left - is switched freely between the left smooth and the lower rifled barrels. To change the left trigger modes on a frame set the corresponding switch. On some models, triple-gun was mounted circuit breaker, the governing body is carried out in the form of buttons, located on the handle under the trigger guard.

Sights and butt

This gun has an open, fixed sights. To increase the accuracy of shooting weapons be equipped with a detachable butt, freely joining the bottom of the handle. However, the stock could perform the function and machetes. Acute trapezoidal blade consisted of semi-rigid sheath, the lower part of which served as the butt plate.

cartridges

Under special survival gun cartridges were developed in TSNIITOCHMASH. The process of their creation led PF Sazanov.

The developed set of ammunition included three rounds:

JV-P. Hunting bullet caliber cartridge 5, 45 * 40 mm. Supplied expansive soft point bullet with a steel core, which is done in the nozzle hole increases stopping power. Previously, he worked with a cartridge with a soft nose bullets of lead. Cartridge weighs 10, 7, and the bullet - 3, 6 grams. Initial velocity reaches 850 m / s. Conduct effective shooting distance can be up to 200 m.
SP-D. Fractional caliber hunting cartridge 12, 5 * 70 mm, which has a brass bushing 32 minutes caliber hunting. On the effectiveness of the projectile is comparable to the patron of the 28th hunting caliber. Cartridge 20 is armed grams fractions (typically, № 3) in the container or without a container 25 grams. Effective range of the cartridge is 20 meters. Airspeed loose fractions equals 310 m / s, and in the container - 350 m / s.
SP-C. Signal cartridges of the same caliber as a fractional. Instead of ammunition into the sleeve is inserted into the red light saber. The height of its discharge reaches 165 meters, and the burning time - 11 s. Under the most favorable conditions (night visibility and direct) light checkers seen from a distance of 9 km.

The composition of the regular gun ammunition consisted of 10 fractional and signaling, as well as 11 bullet cartridges. All ammunition were placed in a handy canvas pouch. Creating bullets under the gun TP-82, designers have implemented a number of measures aimed at preserving the integrity of ammunition after a long stay in a vacuum.

Hunting

During the tests, the gun perfectly and proved itself as a tool for hunting. With smooth trunks can successfully shoot small animals (rabbit, fox, etc.), as well as a variety of birds - from partridges to grouse. Rifled barrel allowed effectively destroy boars, Saiga, mountain goats and other animals weighing up to 200 kilos. Signal cartridge for "space gun" has become the most effective projectile in its class.

Machete

Definitely during the second emergency landing of a spaceship crew in the forest, armed with a gun of survival would be almost invulnerable. Removable butt, which can be used also as a machete, copes with its tasks. According to head coach cosmonauts Alexander Herman, during the two-day training trip in the winter woods crew of one ship cut down with machetes a few cubic meters of vegetation that was for the construction of shelters and maintenance of the fire.

Ergonomics

"Pistol astronaut" gave the impression of a reliable and good quality products. Accessories, namely, holster, case for the machete and bandolier, had minimal weight and maximum functionality.

The gun had a comfortable controls that work is simple and logical. When you create a weapon designers take into account that using it will not be professional soldiers. Safety devices allowed to make weapons handling as safe as possible. Specialists testing this gun has repeatedly noted his soft slope, good balance and a comfortable handle. Without stock fire or convenient to carry out shot signal shells. For more accurate shooting bullets were encouraged to use the butt.

Operation

In 1982, the triple-gun Tula plant first went into space. They were armed with Soviet cosmonauts who have joined the Soviet-French crew. However, officially weapons have adopted only in 1986. The general public first saw the "space gun" at the exhibition "The Way to the Stars", which was dedicated to the 25th anniversary of Gagarin's flight into space.

In late 1990 release SONAZ TP-82 was discontinued. The official reason for the closure of production is the fact that the guns of the model sufficient quantity was produced, and their subsequent release is not appropriate. However, according to the Tula gunsmiths, the main reason was the lack of funding for the project. According to various reports, during the TP-82 pistol production, the disclosure of which is coming to an end, the assembly line came down from 30 to 100 copies.

Today to see this model weapons can be anyone. To do this, visit the Artillery Museum of St. Petersburg, Tula Arms Museum and Memorial Museum of Cosmonautics in Moscow. In addition to direct gun in museum displays presented as a set of additional equipment for the TP-82. Admission to the museum is very democratic listed above.