Prevention of obesity. Causes and consequences of obesity. The problem of obesity in the world

Obesity - a disease characterized by excessive accumulation of extra kilos and increased body fat levels. To date, the problem of overweight people is considered to be the most relevant in the world. According to WHO, over 600 million people of the planet suffer a similar pathology. What measures for the prevention of obesity are most effective?

What is obesity?

Before you go to prevention, it is necessary to understand where does this state. Obesity - a disease which is characterized by the appearance of excess body weight and fat accumulation.

Prevention of obesity. Causes and consequences of obesity. The problem of obesity in the world

From a medical point of view, this condition is characterized by weight gain of 20% higher than normal, at the expense of body fat growth. This disease brings not only psychological discomfort, but also can lead to malfunction of many organs. The man is at risk of such dangerous pathologies such as heart attacks, strokes, and others. All of these diseases can reduce the quality of life and lead to disability.

Reduce the risk of such diseases can obesity prevention, aimed at maintaining a healthy lifestyle.

The classification of obesity

Individuals who have a genetic predisposition to obesity, alimentary obesity is observed. It appears in the case of excess caloric intake over energy expenditure of the body that is seen in some members of the same family. In a survey of patients about diet, it appears that they are constantly overeat. Body fat at the same time are distributed evenly under the skin.

Hypothalamic obesity develops in people who have a nervous system disease with lesions of the hypothalamus (in tumors, trauma). Fat deposits are located on the hips, abdomen and buttocks. Endocrine obesity occurs in hypothyroidism. Fat deposits in the body unevenly distributed and visible signs of other hormonal disorders.

Prevention of obesity. Causes and consequences of obesity. The problem of obesity in the world

The degree of obesity qualify under the scheme:

  1. pre-obese. This degree is characterized by the appearance of 25-29, 9% of excess weight, compared to the normal.
  2. Obesity 1 degree. It is characterized by 30-34, 9% extra kilos. It is not seen as a pathology but as a cosmetic defect.
  3. Obesity grade 2. The emergence 35-39, 9% of excess weight. In this case, the apparent serious fat.
  4. Obesity grade 3. Characterized by 40% or more of excess body weight. This degree of visible appearance and requires emergency treatment.

prevention of obesity should focus on the fight against excess weight, but first find out the reasons for its occurrence.

The symptoms of obesity

The main symptoms of this disease include:

  • appearance of unnecessary kilograms;
  • sleepiness, decreased performance;
  • shortness of breath, swelling;
  • increased sweating;
  • stretch marks, which are located in places where excess fat;
  • constipation;
  • pain in the spine and joints;
  • activity of the heart and blood vessels, respiratory and digestive systems;
  • decreased sex drive;
  • nervousness;
  • low self-esteem.

The causes of obesity

Consider, what are the causes and prevention of obesity? Initially, the development of pathology occurs due to imbalance, which is characterized by the amount of energy received from the food and the cost of its body. Excess calories are not fully processed, transformed into fat. He begins to accumulate in the abdominal wall, in the internal organs, subcutaneous tissue, and others. The accumulation of fat leads to excess kilos and dysfunction of many human organs. In 90% of obesity is caused by overeating, and only 5% of cases of violation of metabolism. Consider what are the causes of metabolic disorders. Prevention of obesity should be based on them, so for different categories of obese people it can be very different.

Prevention of obesity. Causes and consequences of obesity. The problem of obesity in the world

The appearance of excess weight cause the following factors:

  1. Physical inactivity.
  2. Reduced physical activity.
  3. Genetic predisposition.
  4. Endocrine.
  5. An unbalanced diet.
  6. The physiological status (pregnancy, menopause, lactation).
  7. Stressful situations.
  8. Age-related changes in the body.

Obesity - a disease of multifactorial. It is influenced by how the genetic predisposition and lifestyle.

Obesity, which is caused by endocrine disorders, may develop after surgery (removal of the uterus in women), as well as in the treatment of hormonal agents.

Sometimes there are extra weight in the body of women during pregnancy or breast-feeding. According to statistics, they are 2 times more likely to suffer from obesity than men.

The causes of obesity in children

Depending on the factors that cause excess weight, obesity can be divided into:

  • alimentary, which occurs due to an unbalanced diet and sedentary lifestyle;
  • endocrine - appears in children and adolescents in various diseases of the endocrine system.

The causes of obesity in adolescents and young children established expert after examining the patient, the necessary studies and discussions with parents.

Prevention of obesity. Causes and consequences of obesity. The problem of obesity in the world

If the child is full, and parents also have a fat figure, and there are calorie diet foods high in carbohydrates and fats, it is likely, the baby suffers from alimentary obesity. Extra weight due to the mismatch between energy intake and expenditure. This is due to increased calorie diet and less active lifestyle, resulting in fat accumulation.

Childhood obesity occurs due to energy imbalance, which is manifested in the increased consumption and decreased energy expenditure.

It is proved that if the parents are obese, the risk of its occurrence in the child is 80%. If overweight only among mothers - 50%, only the pope - 38%.

At risk are children who have a high birth weight (over 4 kg) and had a greater increase in weight, while formula-fed. Infants under one year obesity can occur when overfed artificial mixtures or wrong introduction of complementary foods.

Many children have weight violation occurs due to an unbalanced diet and low physical activity. Usually a child with obesity, present in the diet: fast foods, sodas, sweets, but there is no sufficient food containing protein, fiber.

Many children all free time devoted to watching TV or a computer, but it is not involved in sports.

Sometimes obesity in the child does not appear as a result of a genetic predisposition, but because of serious pathological conditions (Down's syndrome, Cohen, meningitis, encephalitis, brain tumors, etc.).

In children, obesity can occur due psychological trauma (the loss of loved ones, accidents, etc.).

Preventive measures for obesity in adults

Important prevention of obesity in adults older than 40 years, if they lead a sedentary lifestyle. People have a tendency to be overweight, it is necessary from an early age to give up excess supply. They can not expand the diet even during the holidays. The weight kept in a stable condition, you need to constantly engage in sports and exercise as in everyday life. Limitations in food and walking for 40 minutes, will help in maintaining a stable weight.

To a large extent the increase in body weight occurs at constant use of alcohol. In this case, improves appetite and increases calorie food intake. Many drinkers all the extra calories eaten are sent to the postponement of fat. Any amount of alcohol should be completely ruled out in patients who are overweight.

Due to various situations in humans the prerequisites for the development of obesity (pregnancy, lactation, menopause, etc.). Decreased metabolism after 40-45 years, can lead to obesity. Such periods are critical and need to know how to respond to them. Primary prevention of obesity will help to correct your diet and physical activity precisely in order to avoid the occurrence of obesity. Older people, because of their age are not able to perform higher fiznagruzki should make it a rule to walk on foot, for example, in the park, as well as the need to revise your diet.

Sweets, pastry, fruit and vegetables, which are present in the composition of digestible carbohydrates lead to rapid weight gain. The best prevention of obesity - homemade food, because it is prepared without the use of preservatives and any "chemistry", which is present in abundance in foods such as chips, crackers, snacks.

Doctors involved in obesity problem, forbid their patients to put to bed immediately after a meal and encourages them to walk a little bit. In this case, you can solve the problem of not only obesity, but also comorbidities. These include heart disease, blood vessels, liver, joints, etc.

Prevention of obesity. Causes and consequences of obesity. The problem of obesity in the world

Advice and preventive examinations dietitian will help identify earlier weight gain and go for early treatment.

Preventing obesity in children and adolescents

Prevention of obesity in children requires careful approach. If the diagnosis is made, for the treatment of two components used - exercise and proper nutrition. The whole future life of a teenager will be based on these principles. Drug treatment is given only in the case of concomitant diseases.

diet has been compiling a dietitian, who must correctly calculate the needs of the growing organism in proteins, fats and carbohydrates. The protein products must be present menu (fish and lean meat, cheese, eggs, milk).

From the diet is necessary to eliminate: fast food, sweets, margarine, hydrogenated fats, pasta and pastries.

Prevention of obesity. Causes and consequences of obesity. The problem of obesity in the world

The power supply must be present fruits and vegetables that are rich in carbohydrates. From the diet is better to remove the products and dishes that increase appetite (rich broth, meats, spices, spicy dishes).

Obese children in the body fluid is delayed, so they need to reduce their salt intake. We should not give the child to drink in between breakfast, lunch and dinner.

The daily diet so should be distributed to the main meal took place in the first half of the day, when the baby move more and therefore spend a lot of energy. Dinner should be no later than 2-3 hours before bedtime.

One of the highlights prevention of obesity in adolescents is exercise. After all, physical activity will allow to spend the energy obtained from food, and not turn into fat.

Childhood obesity is treated more quickly than adults. Therefore, parents in case of disease must start to act urgently.

Complications of obesity

Furthermore psychological problems of overweight patients have many serious illnesses, which include diabetes, stroke, angina, arthritis, arthrosis, reduced fertility, the menstrual cycle and others.

People with obesity, high risk of sudden death from existing diseases. The mortality rate of men aged 15 to 69 years who have an ideal body weight exceeds 20%, a third more than people with normal weight.

The challenge of obesity in the world

In the past, the accumulation of weight allowed a person to survive in the period of forced fasting. Complete women served as a symbol of fertility and health.

In the records of the Indian, Greek and Roman cultures overweight acted as a vice. Hippocrates observed that obese people live a little, and obese women are infertile.

From the ingenious invention of nature - fat lot of people are suffering in the world. In Europe, 25% of the population is obese. The world has witnessed the growth of obesity in children and adolescents.

Prevention of obesity. Causes and consequences of obesity. The problem of obesity in the world

Obesity is becoming an actual threat and is a danger to society. Pathology causing disability in young able-bodied people, due to the development of dangerous co-morbidities (diabetes, atherosclerosis, infertility in women, cholelithiasis).

well-being of persons with the problem of obesity in today's society becomes relevant and socially significant. Society inadvertently causing their citizens undue appearance kilograms by high-calorie food intake and stimulates technological advances sedentary lifestyle.

Prevention of obesity in many countries leaves much to be desired. The doctors had the idea that obesity - the most human problem that arises from improper diet and lack of movement. Therefore, the main objective of treatment of excess weight is not only to bring the weight back to normal, but also control metabolism and prevention of serious diseases occurring in obese patients.

Finally,

Obesity - a serious condition that requires proper approach to treatment. Referral to a specialist will reduce weight without gaining it again after the end of treatment and without causing harm to the body, increase the length of life of the patient.