How does the processing plant debris

• How does the processing plant debris

At the entrance to the normal flow of urban waste - patchwork of scraps, plastic bottles, cans, glasses, packages, various mud and boards. At the exit - that's such a neat blocks of plastic, metal, paper and polyethylene, which soon again will go to the cause, and this will help to reduce damage to nature.

How does the processing plant debris

I'll tell why it is important to do so. And the danger is to dump you in a radius of 20-30 km from the house.

In a conventional dump garbage leans one big heap:

How does the processing plant debris

As you can see, it looks disgusting. And it's not just aesthetics, landfills generate a lot of problems:

Firstly, all the waste flows slowly and get into the groundwater. The so-called "filtrate" (most juice landfill with impurities of heavy metals) can be extremely dangerous to the ecology of the region. Especially if it seeps into the aquifer.

When we built their first factory for processing of rubbish, cleaning of water for fishing control rules (to the state "safe for natural bodies of water") it was probably the most expensive part of the project. It cost more than a dozen million rubles on the subject, but from an environmental point of view - is the first and most important investment.

Secondly, in landfill waste produces methane abundantly. That is why, as soon as the snow melts a little bit, it all starts to burn and often explodes. As a result, the air is a huge cloud of toxic fumes (which are mixed a lot of that is extremely dangerous to health), which, if not lucky with the wind, covering your city and street. Guard against this can not be. You can only remove the old landfill reclaim them and move on to the storage in landfills. Like this:

How does the processing plant debris

This is our testing ground for waste storage. On it, layer by layer, stacked garbage from which the already ejected plastic, metal, paper and polyethylene (as possible). Rubbish is packaged cubes, which are compressed 7-10 times compared to the traditional "Russian folk" stall in the bunch.

As a result, one such landfill replaces approximately nine landfills similar area.

How does the processing plant debris

And here you see the last layer of the landfill - it's the same blocks that have already been sprinkled on top of the organic fraction, something of earth with impurities of organic debris and sand. In 20-25 years there will be a green hill. But first top lie several layers of bricks. Such styling - that compaction is in stock, and protection against fire. Landfills do not burn - there's just nothing to burn - and almost do not emit methane.

The next important part - no need to throw out the landfill everything. Of waste need to be able to extract at all useful.

In fact, the garbage - it is a useful resource that creates the city. And it can be used effectively. Learn from it, if not gold, the metal (road metal), plastic and other factions that you can then restart the production cycle. Note that this is not only relieves the ground, but also reduces the scale of production of new materials - and for this planet, too, tells us, "thank you."

Here sorting:

How does the processing plant debris

Above the hall there is a ribbon on top, where the metal is selected special magnet and paper, polyethylene, plastic packaging from household chemicals are removed by hand:

How does the processing plant debris

Here it is - a magnet for cans and other metal parts:

How does the processing plant debris

Then everything falls under the press. For example, here at this (it is one of two at the plant in Astrakhan)

How does the processing plant debris

Here is the compressed plastic:

How does the processing plant debris

And this is - a metal (such as cubes, only rough):

How does the processing plant debris

But granulate - recycled polyethylene. This is a useful raw material from which the new packages or, increasingly, technical packaging:

How does the processing plant debris

Bottles usually come to the factory with a lid, so they need to pierce that they compacted in this way:

How does the processing plant debris

Therefore, the front of the press, they go through here is this "hedgehog":

How does the processing plant debris

Another important stage - filtration of organics (which in the debris around 40% depending on the season).

How does the processing plant debris

This is where top trash shaking in the din and passes through special sieve (if it is greatly simplified - in fact, the process is much more difficult) to then get a "land" in Kamaz below. In Europe, organic is widely used, in particular, is sent to Africa to stop the onslaught of the desert. We have, unfortunately, it will not work: a lot of glass and, what is worse, - batteries.

That's how much glass is usually in the trash:

How does the processing plant debris

The batteries are also very harmful for the environment, but we have, in contrast to Europe, is not developed separate collection of waste. As a result, completely removing the batteries from the waste does not work - "finger", "mizinchikovye" and watch a very small, easy to pass through a sieve screen. And so our organic can be used, by and large, only for landfill remediation. On aid to Africa worth while to forget.

So the first thing you need to start a separate collection of garbage - is dangerous to throw batteries with acid and metal separately. They are written about it, but you know very well that a label is not enough. We tried to open the items, but unfortunately, the effectiveness of them is very low. So while we will catch it all in organics.

How does the processing plant debris

So organic sprinkled with "cubes" compressed garbage at the landfill. This picture does not look very neat, but gladden the heart of any environmentalist - because he knows that it would be if this debris was scattered on the dump. Remind - landfills burn the filtrate enters the groundwater, landfills incredible number of birds and other scavengers like dogs, and even dumps occupy large areas and require constant further expansion for the new and the new collection. A cube stand and no one interfere. As will be typed about 15-20 layers - after remediation will hill with green grass.

How does the processing plant debris

And finally, waste paper, so gladdening the hearts of those born in the USSR. Naturally, it does not fall on the ground, and immediately goes into the recycling. Like so much else.

That something like this.

The most important thing - in Russia normal processing plant debris can be removed from the stream up to 5% of raw materials, and send the remaining 95% of the deposit in the compressed form. We learned how to use 8% of waste (sometimes - 10%), which is almost two times more than the industry average. It was very expensive both in terms of procurement of engineering parts, and in terms of development - but it's worth it. At least, if his son asks me what I'm doing, I'm not ashamed to explain to him.