Ways to spread the news in different eras

When near the coast of New Guinea, not yet landed on dry land, the expedition team Mikluho Maclay was at anchor, all natives of the island were already aware of the guest's visit. The researcher did not see a soul in the Gulf, but thick plumes of smoke were seen on the hills. That's how the whole island was the news about the arrival of outsiders. What other ways of disseminating information using people in different eras - later in the article.

Ways to spread the news in different eras

The ancient methods of transmitting information over long distances - flashing lights and drums

Since ancient times, mankind has used a variety of means to convey important information. The most popular way to communicate something meaningful to the neighboring villages were fires. They have been used since time immemorial, and have become irrelevant only in the 19th century (when they began to use the optical telegraph instead of flare Fire).

Bonfires burned in ancient Greece, the towers of the Great Wall of China in Russia. Perfectly mastered the art of fire the Indians of North America, who have been trained in this skill of sorcerers and could be considered full members of the community only with the possession of the necessary knowledge.

Ways to spread the news in different eras

Smoke Code had ample opportunity. Giving a puff of smoke a certain color and shape, the Indians could send different information - warning of military incursion, to inform about the number of enemies and their location, to agree on the rescue.

For varying the thickness and color of the smoke to use different raw materials - dry grass and thin twigs create a translucent veil of light. For dark and thick smoke was used minerals, wet wood, animal bones, tissue. The possibility of fire telegraph, used in Europe, were much more scarce. Drums - another way of communicating, which has demonstrated an impressive vitality. It began to be used in prehistoric times, and to this day in some West African tribes are not lost relevance drums. The sounds vary in pitch and duration, it can send messages to all kinds of sense, not just signal the danger. In many villages in Africa about the meeting or the beginning of the ceremony inform the conical drum sounds okporo.

News courier service system from nodular parchment letters to

In ancient times, the message addressed to a specific person or group transferred via couriers services. This profession was very dangerous, because if you have to deliver a letter with bad news, then the probability of execution was quite likely.

Messengers of ancient Egypt were to take care of the presence of a will, especially those who deliver letters outside the state, because their life was in constant danger. The danger presented as wild beasts and cruel manners of foreigners.

Even special identification signs (bells in Japan, red shields in Russia) could not guarantee the safety of life and health of the messenger.

Messages were cords of different lengths and colors to the nodes. On the territory of modern Mexico and Peru, such a message called a pile. Its meaning is determined settings such as a way of tying, the number and location for the node.

Ways to spread the news in different eras

A in the Greek city of Pergamum perfected the technique of writing on animal skins, raw steel handle more thoroughly than did the Persians. Therefore, the new storage medium has become practical, lightweight, durable. It can be used several times and wrote on parchment from both sides. The only drawback was the high cost of the carrier: to produce such a fabric, it was required to perform several kinds of works - thorough washing, soaking in a lime solution at a definite drying temperature mode and humidity compartment inner side, pumice processing. Parchment used for messaging between the high-ranking officials.

The Proclaimers in Europe and in Russia

From the 12th century in Europe there are people a new profession, the responsibility of which was the publication of socially important operational information. They were called heralds. They were in a public place, voicing the latest news. This could be a solemn message of military victory or, on the contrary, the defeat, the announcement of a circus performance or specification of the time and place of distribution of bread. Also heralds denounced criminals, traitors, announced the upcoming executions and courts, denounced campaign message to the people.

Ways to spread the news in different eras

The role of heralds highly valued in medieval society, representatives of this profession were endowed with special administrative privileges. Since 1258 on the initiative of King Philip Augustus heralds merged into a single corporation. their erudition and diction requirements were quite high, and should know the law of God and demonstrate respect for the traditions.

In Russia, the honor to inform people about important national events belonged to the Herald. He also should pay obeisance to, because he is considered a person close to the prince. Loud Herald had clearly and without hesitation to read the message to the people. And, if necessary, should give accurate comments to the uneducated people to understand the will of the prince's right. Lisp, lisping or stuttering people had no chance to receive a prestigious post.

Kalika perekhozhie, singing songs and telling epic

For those who have physical disabilities, yet there was a niche in the "media space." Important source of information about events in Russia in the spiritual world since the 10th century have been pilgrims to the Holy Land. They were called beggars perekhozhie, but despite the consonance, crippled, they were not all. The first time, representatives of the profession were often heroic appearance, expensive clothes and accessories - sable fur coats, velvet bag.

Ways to spread the news in different eras

Later, this group is replenished only beggars who lived on alms from grateful listeners. Nevertheless, the authors of epics, legends and songs in spite of its appearance of a non-enjoyed popularity and respect. They worshiped as people do not earthly, but spiritual. Kalik welcome in the house or in the courtyard, were treated attentively listened to their songs, epics and lives of the saints.