Malawian tobacco plantation

• Malawian tobacco plantation

Tobacco plantations Malawi - is not only "a source of national pride, economic, 76% of the country's foreign exchange earnings", but also beautiful landscapes. However, the beauty of this trick: 55% of children working in the tobacco fields, has an age between 7 and 9 years old.

The commercial production of tobacco in Malawi began in the distant 1889, when settlers from the US state of Virginia, the self-styled "masters victuals," first made the local residents and their children to work on the plantations for little or no fee. More than a century later, this operation continues - and no end in sight. (Photo by David Levene):

Until the XVI century, tobacco was grown only in North and South America. In 1556 Andre Thevet brought tobacco seeds from Brazil to France and raised them in the vicinity of Angoulême. In 1560, tobacco has appeared at the court of the Spanish King Philip II as an ornamental plant. The French ambassador in Portugal, Jean Nico Wilman brought from Spain snuff in Paris; snuff quickly came into vogue.

Tobacco smoke spread around the world after the British in 1565. Over 150 years of tobacco spread throughout Eurasia and Africa was in (Photos David Levene).:

This one is not entitled to sick leave, and no one will will drive to the hospital. " Women work in the field with a baby strapped to her back. Hardly ever she goes to school. (Photo by David Levene):

According to the estimates of human rights defenders, 45% of children working in the tobacco fields - between the ages of 10 to 14 years, and 55% - from 7 to 9 years. (Photo by David Levene):

tobacco plants back in the XVI century, it was named Nicotiana in honor of Jean Nicot, the French ambassador to Portugal. In the middle of the XVIII century, this name was used by Carl Linnaeus in his work. (Photo by David Levene):

The collected tobacco leaves should be dried. Right - this is just the dryer. (Photo by David Levene):

The process of creating. (Photo by David Levene):

Planters pay farm workers a penny, then reselling kilogram of tobacco are 70 times more expensive auctions directly to international corporations. But output is still there. (Photo by David Levene):

That looks like a barn-dryer of tobacco in the finished form. (Photo by David Levene):

Genesis locals Malawi is very simple. (Photo by David Levene):

from the village huts. (Photo by David Levene):

(Photo: David Levene):

The tobacco plantation, Africa. (Photo by David Levene):

For fertilizers. (Photo by David Levene):

The tobacco plantation, Africa, 2018. (Photo by David Levene):